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What is TB?
- The cause of tuberculosis was discovered in 1882 by German physician and microbiologist Dr. Robert Koch.
© Getty Images
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Two types of TB
- A person can be infected by the TB bacteria but not become sick. There are two types of TB-related conditions.
© Getty Images
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Two types of TB
- You can have a latent TB infection (LTBI), or active TB disease. The latter will make you sick and be fatal.
© Getty Images
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How does it spread?
- TB spreads from person to person through the air, similar to COVID-19.
© Getty Images
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How does it spread?
- It usually spreads via coughing, sneezing, or other contact with droplets.
© Getty Images
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Symptoms
- While latent TB will cause no symptoms, an active TB disease usually causes heavy coughing (and might include coughing up blood).
© Getty Images
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Symptoms
- Other common symptoms include fever, chest pain, fatigue, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
© Getty Images
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Symptoms
- TB can also affect other areas outside your lungs, such as your kidneys, spine, or brain.
© Getty Images
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Symptoms
- Depending where the bacteria spreads, you can have different symptoms, including back pain or blood in your urine.
© Getty Images
9 / 28 Fotos
Who’s more at risk?
- People with a weakened immune system are particularly vulnerable to the disease. Those who suffer from HIV, undernutrition, substance abuse, or are undergoing cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, are more at risk.
© Getty Images
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HIV and TB
- Those with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop TB due to their weakened immune system. In 2022, about 167,000 people with HIV died of TB.
© Getty Images
11 / 28 Fotos
Who’s more at risk?
- People who live or work in high-risk areas must be extra careful. These include healthcare workers who deal with TB patients.
© Getty Images
12 / 28 Fotos
Undernutrition
- In 2022, 2.2 million new TB cases were linked to undernutrition alone.
© Getty Images
13 / 28 Fotos
Areas most affected by TB
- In 2022, 46% of new cases of TB occurred in the Southeast Asia region, followed by Africa with 23% of new cases, and lastly the Western Pacific region, with 18%.
© Getty Images
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Treatment
- TB is treated with specific antibiotics. The inappropriate use of anti-TB medicines, however, have led to drug-resistant TB strains.
© Getty Images
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Multidrug-resistant TB
- The bacteria that causes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) does not respond to commonly used drugs to treat TB, such as isoniazid and rifampicin. Though some second-line anti-TB drugs can be effective.
© Getty Images
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Multidrug-resistant TB
- In 2019, there were over 206,000 people with drug-resistant TB. Considering the overall number of people with TB, those who contracted MDR-TB are still a minority.
© Getty Images
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Multidrug-resistant TB
- The majority of cases are focused in three countries: India, China, and Russia.
© Getty Images
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Vaccine
- It took 13 years of research before French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin created the vaccine against tuberculosis in 1921.
© Getty Images
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Vaccine
- One hundred years on, the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine helped save millions of lives over the years.
© Getty Images
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Vaccine
- The vaccine is not compulsory in every country, though it is usually administered to people in high-risk nations.
© Getty Images
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Millions of people still die of TB every year
- TB is one of the top causes of death worldwide. In 2022 alone it killed 1.3 million people.
© Getty Images
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Men are more affected
- In 2022, 5.8 million men were infected with the disease, but 3.5 million women were also infected. And so were 1.3 million children.
© Getty Images
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These countries account for two thirds of the total of TB patients
- India is on top, followed by Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and South Africa.
© Getty Images
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Cases are decreasing
- Despite the high numbers, cases of TB around the world have been decreasing since 2015.
© Getty Images
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Mortality is decreasing
- TB mortality rate has dropped by 42% since the year 2000.
© Getty Images
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UN target
- One of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end the TB epidemic by 2030. Sources: (WHO) (Mayo Clinic) (CDC) See also: The warning signs of Parkinson's disease
© Getty Images
27 / 28 Fotos
© Getty Images
0 / 28 Fotos
What is TB?
- The cause of tuberculosis was discovered in 1882 by German physician and microbiologist Dr. Robert Koch.
© Getty Images
1 / 28 Fotos
Two types of TB
- A person can be infected by the TB bacteria but not become sick. There are two types of TB-related conditions.
© Getty Images
2 / 28 Fotos
Two types of TB
- You can have a latent TB infection (LTBI), or active TB disease. The latter will make you sick and be fatal.
© Getty Images
3 / 28 Fotos
How does it spread?
- TB spreads from person to person through the air, similar to COVID-19.
© Getty Images
4 / 28 Fotos
How does it spread?
- It usually spreads via coughing, sneezing, or other contact with droplets.
© Getty Images
5 / 28 Fotos
Symptoms
- While latent TB will cause no symptoms, an active TB disease usually causes heavy coughing (and might include coughing up blood).
© Getty Images
6 / 28 Fotos
Symptoms
- Other common symptoms include fever, chest pain, fatigue, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
© Getty Images
7 / 28 Fotos
Symptoms
- TB can also affect other areas outside your lungs, such as your kidneys, spine, or brain.
© Getty Images
8 / 28 Fotos
Symptoms
- Depending where the bacteria spreads, you can have different symptoms, including back pain or blood in your urine.
© Getty Images
9 / 28 Fotos
Who’s more at risk?
- People with a weakened immune system are particularly vulnerable to the disease. Those who suffer from HIV, undernutrition, substance abuse, or are undergoing cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, are more at risk.
© Getty Images
10 / 28 Fotos
HIV and TB
- Those with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop TB due to their weakened immune system. In 2022, about 167,000 people with HIV died of TB.
© Getty Images
11 / 28 Fotos
Who’s more at risk?
- People who live or work in high-risk areas must be extra careful. These include healthcare workers who deal with TB patients.
© Getty Images
12 / 28 Fotos
Undernutrition
- In 2022, 2.2 million new TB cases were linked to undernutrition alone.
© Getty Images
13 / 28 Fotos
Areas most affected by TB
- In 2022, 46% of new cases of TB occurred in the Southeast Asia region, followed by Africa with 23% of new cases, and lastly the Western Pacific region, with 18%.
© Getty Images
14 / 28 Fotos
Treatment
- TB is treated with specific antibiotics. The inappropriate use of anti-TB medicines, however, have led to drug-resistant TB strains.
© Getty Images
15 / 28 Fotos
Multidrug-resistant TB
- The bacteria that causes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) does not respond to commonly used drugs to treat TB, such as isoniazid and rifampicin. Though some second-line anti-TB drugs can be effective.
© Getty Images
16 / 28 Fotos
Multidrug-resistant TB
- In 2019, there were over 206,000 people with drug-resistant TB. Considering the overall number of people with TB, those who contracted MDR-TB are still a minority.
© Getty Images
17 / 28 Fotos
Multidrug-resistant TB
- The majority of cases are focused in three countries: India, China, and Russia.
© Getty Images
18 / 28 Fotos
Vaccine
- It took 13 years of research before French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin created the vaccine against tuberculosis in 1921.
© Getty Images
19 / 28 Fotos
Vaccine
- One hundred years on, the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine helped save millions of lives over the years.
© Getty Images
20 / 28 Fotos
Vaccine
- The vaccine is not compulsory in every country, though it is usually administered to people in high-risk nations.
© Getty Images
21 / 28 Fotos
Millions of people still die of TB every year
- TB is one of the top causes of death worldwide. In 2022 alone it killed 1.3 million people.
© Getty Images
22 / 28 Fotos
Men are more affected
- In 2022, 5.8 million men were infected with the disease, but 3.5 million women were also infected. And so were 1.3 million children.
© Getty Images
23 / 28 Fotos
These countries account for two thirds of the total of TB patients
- India is on top, followed by Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and South Africa.
© Getty Images
24 / 28 Fotos
Cases are decreasing
- Despite the high numbers, cases of TB around the world have been decreasing since 2015.
© Getty Images
25 / 28 Fotos
Mortality is decreasing
- TB mortality rate has dropped by 42% since the year 2000.
© Getty Images
26 / 28 Fotos
UN target
- One of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end the TB epidemic by 2030. Sources: (WHO) (Mayo Clinic) (CDC) See also: The warning signs of Parkinson's disease
© Getty Images
27 / 28 Fotos
Tuberculosis cases surge in the UK amid rising global health concerns
TB cases surged 13% in England last year
© Getty Images
Tuberculosis (TB), the world's deadliest infectious disease, is on the rise in the UK, with cases increasing among both immigrants and UK-born individuals. Factors such as homelessness, crowded living conditions, and undernutrition contribute to the spread. Global aid cuts have further strained efforts to combat TB, raising concerns about public health and the need for renewed focus on prevention and treatment strategies.
This resurgence is a stark reminder that TB still kills hundreds of people every year. Despite its decline in many Western countries since the introduction of the BCG vaccine in 1921, the disease has never been fully eradicated. In regions like Southeast Asia and Africa, TB remains one of the top killers. It can be especially lethal for individuals with weakened immune systems—particularly those with HIV, who face a much greater risk of death.
Click through to know more about TB and its deadly consequences.
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