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Perinatal period -

The perinatal period, broadly defined, refers to the time during pregnancy and the first year after childbirth. Maternal mental health issues can arise at any point during this period.

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Postpartum depression (PPD) -

PPD is a common maternal mental health condition that affects around 10-20% of moms at any point within the first year after childbirth.

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Anxiety disorders -

As well as depression, anxiety disorders are common during pregnancy and postpartum, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 

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Postpartum psychosis -

Postpartum psychosis is a severe condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

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Prenatal depression -

Also referred to as antenatal depression, this occurs during pregnancy and can increase the risk of postpartum depression.

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Black maternal mental health -

Black women not only face a higher chance of developing perinatal mental health disorders than white women, but they also are less likely to receive treatment due to fear of stigma, involvement of child welfare services, and financial barriers.

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Risk factors -

Factors that increase the risk of maternal mental health issues include a history of mental health problems, lack of social support, financial worries, complications during pregnancy or childbirth, and traumatic birth experiences.

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Early intervention -

Early identification and treatment of maternal mental health issues leads to a better outcome for both mothers and their children.

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Screening -

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is one of the widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the Perinatal Common Mental Disorders (PCMDs) like depression and anxiety.

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Treatment options -

Treatment options include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both.

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Medication and breastfeeding -

Some medications to treat mental health issues are safe for breastfeeding mothers, but it's important to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider.

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Stigma and shame -

The stigma and shame surrounding mental illness can often prevent moms from seeking help or talking about their feelings. Increasing public awareness and education about maternal mental health can help reduce the stigma and encourage mothers to reach out.

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Support systems -

A strong support system of friends, family, and healthcare providers can reduce the risk of maternal mental health issues and improve recovery.

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Suicide risk -

Postpartum depression can increase the risk of suicide. It's one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in some countries.

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Impact on children -

Unaddressed maternal mental health issues can affect the emotional and cognitive development of children. Early intervention can help mitigate these risks.

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Baby blues -

The "baby blues" are feelings of sadness or mood swings that occur in up to 85% of new moms. These feelings are usually mild and resolve themselves within two weeks. But it's important to contact a healthcare provider if the feelings persist.

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Cultural differences -

Cultural attitudes towards motherhood and mental health can affect how moms experience and respond to mental health issues, making conversations around ending stigma fundamental.

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Impact on partners -

Maternal mental health issues can also impact partners, who might need support and resources to cope with the situation.

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Barriers to treatment -

Lack of access to mental healthcare, cost, stigma, and lack of awareness about maternal mental health issues can impact moms receiving the right care.

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Support groups and online resources -

Support groups and online resources dedicated to supporting the mental health and well-being of mothers can be extremely valuable.

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Role of primary care providers -

Obstetricians and pediatricians play a crucial role in identifying and addressing maternal mental health issues.

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Role of partners -

A supportive partner is crucial for any mother, particularly those struggling with mental health issues during or after pregnancy.

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Global prevalence -

Maternal mental health issues are not limited to any particular country, although access to care and support varies around the world.

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Roles of doulas and midwives -

Doulas and midwives can offer emotional support and guidance throughout the pregnancy, helping mothers navigate the antenatal and postnatal challenges.

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Nutrition and mental health -

Proper nutrition during and post pregnancy can have a positive impact on mental health.

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Sleep and mental health -

Sleep disturbances are common during and after pregnancy. Sleep deprivation can contribute or exacerbate mental health issues.

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Workplace policies -

A supportive workplace that offers parental leave and flexible working arrangements can help reduce stress for new moms and contribute to better mental health. 

Sources: (Black Mamas Matter Alliance) (Maternal Mental Health Alliance) (Postpartum Support Charleston)

See also: How to improve health and well-being in the workplace

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