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Golden lion tamarin -

A census carried out in 2018 concluded that there are around 3,200 golden lion tamarins left in their natural habitat, the Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Magdalena river turtle -

In less than 25 years, the Magdalena river turtle has seen its numbers decline by over 80%. Habitat loss due to livestock and agricultural expansion, and hunting for meat, are the principle reasons for its rapid decline. Pictured is a juvenile in captivity.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Brazilian merganser -

A South American diving duck, the Brazilian merganser is one of the most threatened waterfowl in the world. The silting of rivers caused by the expansion of farming activities, mining, watershed degradation, and soil erosion, as well as deforestation, has led to possibly fewer than 250 of these birds surviving in the wild.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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White-bellied spider monkey -

Over the last 50 years or so, the white-bellied spider monkey population has declined by approximately 50% due to habitat loss and hunting. This despite a range that encompasses the north-western Amazon in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Amazon river dolphin -

Known locally as the boto, the Amazon river dolphin is distinguished by its pink hue and what's known as a melon, or body fat tissue, on its head. Loss of habitat and inadvertent entanglement in fishing lines are two reasons why numbers are declining.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Orinoco crocodile -

Named for the Orinoco river, this species of crocodile was hunted mercilessly for its hide in the 19th and 20th centuries, and numbers have never really recovered. The collection of juveniles for sale in the live animal trade, plus increased water pollution, is edging this rare reptile towards extinction.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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White-cheeked spider monkey -

Endemic to Brazil, the population of this species of spider monkey is decreasing as its forest habitat is lost to soybean production, deforestation, and road construction. Furthermore, it is considered a delicacy and hunted for food.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Goeldi’s -

Also known as Goeldi's marmoset, this small monkey lives in the upper Amazon basin region of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is dense, scrubby undergrowth, a diminishing environment due to fire and deforestation.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Golden parakeet -

This bright, golden-green Amazon Basin resident is a favorite with poachers, lured by rewards from the illegal pet trade. The bird's habitat in the upland rain forests in Amazonian Brazil is increasingly under threat, adding more pressure on the species.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Blue-throated macaw -

The blue-throated macaw was thought to be extinct for years until its rediscovery in the savannas of northern Bolivia in 1992. There are estimated to be fewer than 500 individuals remaining in the wild.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Hyacinth macaw -

Another bird species prized by poachers working for the illegal pet trade, the hyacinth macaw is the largest macaw and the largest flying parrot species. Habitat loss is an additional reason as to why numbers are dwindling.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Yellow-spotted river turtle -

One of the largest South American river turtles and native to the Amazon river basin, the yellow-spotted river turtle is at risk due to predation by humans, birds, snakes, large fish, frogs, and some mammals.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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South American tapir -

Once widespread across forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands, the largest surviving native terrestrial mammal in the Amazon, also commonly called the Brazilian tapir, in now extinct in parts of Brazil and elsewhere in the region.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Margay -

Loss of habitat due to deforestation has had an adverse effect on this diminutive, solitary, and nocturnal wild cat.

Red List status: Near threatened.

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Bald-headed uakari -

This odd-looking monkey with its bright crimson face and bald head is restricted to select wooded habitats near water in the western Amazon of Brazil and Peru. Its numbers are rapidly decreasing, with four recognized subspecies close to extinction.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Northern tiger cat -

The northern tiger cat, or oncilla, ranges from Central America to central Brazil. A small, slender animal, the feline is generally nocturnal, but this hasn't stopped it being hunted for its pelt, which is highly prized and often sold or made into clothing. Besides poaching, deforestation is also threatening the cat's overall welfare.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Jocotoco antpitta -

The declining numbers of this shy bird has been blamed on both habitat quality and availability. Antpittas are forest birds that tend to feed at or near the ground since many are specialist ant eaters.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Wattled curassow -

This handsome bird is only found in remote rain forests in the western Amazon basin, a habitat that is being progressively cleared. Hunting is another major threat to the Wattled curassow's existence.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Royal cinclodes -

Confined to the Andes of south-east Peru and the adjacent Amazon region of Bolivia, the royal cinclodes numbers a population of less than 250. A severely fragmented and rapidly declining habitat caused by fires and heavy grazing is blamed for its waning presence.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Colombian woolly monkey -

Native to Colombia, the populations of this particular species of wooly monkey have been decimated by habitat loss, poaching, and smuggling as adoption for pets.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Jaguar -

One of the Amazon region's most iconic creatures, the jaguar is threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and killings in human–wildlife conflict situations, particularly with ranchers in Central and South America. Its numbers have declined worryingly since the late 1990s.

Red List status: Near threatened.

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Giant otter -

Found across north-central South America but living mostly in and along the Amazon river and in the Pantanal, the giant otter has suffered habitat loss and degradation to the point where it is now one of the most endangered mammal species in the Neotropics (the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone).

Red List status: Endangered.

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Quito stubfoot toad -

The once abundant Quito stubfoot toad was believed to be extinct until its rediscovery in 2016. Coincidentally, another stubfoot species, the Azuay stubfoot toad—believed to be extinct after its last sighting in 2002—leapt back into life 12 months earlier, in 2015.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Black bearded saki -

Concern for the black bearded saki is growing exponentially as habitat fragmentation, habitat destruction, and hunting pressure further reduces the numbers of this rare primate, now one of the most imperiled in the Amazon.

Red List status: Endangered.

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Amazonian manatee -

Gentle and harmless, the Amazonian manatee lives in the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The main threat to its existence is hunting. Calf mortality, climate change, and habitat loss also contribute towards it decline.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Pied tamarin -

Characterized by their hairless head and ears, these primates are unusual and striking in appearance. Pied tamarins are up against multiple threats to their long-term survival, namely habitat loss, a fact not helped by their range, one of the smallest of any primate.

Red List status: Critically endangered.

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Pink-throated brilliant -

The subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are the natural habitats of this dazzling hummingbird species. Deforestation, however, is making sightings of this distinctive bird rarer each year.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Maned three-toed sloth -

This species of sloth only lives in Brazil, in the country's southeastern Atlantic coastal rain forest. Its range, however, was once much greater, and the maned three-toed sloth could be found as far north as Bahia state. Loss of forest habitat as a result of lumber extraction, charcoal production, and clearance for plantations and cattle pastures is the reason why it's now pocketed where it is.

Red List status: Vulnerable.

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Yellow-banded poison dart frog -

Forest fires, logging, and agriculture threaten this colorful amphibian. In addition, overharvesting of wild specimens for the exotic pet trade is also to blame for a reduction in numbers. Fortunately, it's a robust species and prospects for the frog's survival look good. For now.

Red List status: Least concern.

Sources: (Cop26) (SGLT) (The Conservation) (EDGE of Existence) (Federal Register) (National Geographic) (IUCN) 

See also: Why have wildlife populations declined by 73%?

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