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July 2 - Total solar eclipse - The first total solar eclipse of 2019 will only be visible from the South Pacific, central Chile, and central Argentina. It's one of just two total eclipses of the year.

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July 9 - Saturn at opposition - Saturn will make its closest approach to Earth of the year on July 9, and will be fully illuminated by the sun for the entire night. The ringed planet's moons will be visible too.

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July 16 - Full Moon - Indigenous tribes have called the July event the Full Buck Moon, as it takes place when deer grow their antlers. It's also known as the Full Thunder Moon and the Full Hay Moon.

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July 16 - Partial lunar eclipse - Visible from Europe, Africa, central Asia, and the Indian Ocean, the moon will partially travel through the darkest part of the Earth's shadow. 

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July 28, 29 - Delta Aquarids meteor shower - With as many as 20 meteors shooting through the sky per hour, an average number for a shower, the Delta Aquarids occurs every year between July 12 and August 23.

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August 12, 13 - Perseids meteor shower - A star gazer's dream, 60 shooting stars per hour fly through the sky during the Perseids meteor shower. The particularly bright phenomenon is caused by pieces coming off the comet Swift-Tuttle.

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August 15 - Full moon - The indigenous tribes of the Great Lakes called this one the Full Sturgeon Moon because those fish are easier to catch in August. It's also called the Green Corn Moon and the Grain Moon because those foods are ready for harvest in that part of the year.

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September 9 - Neptune at opposition - This is the closest Neptune will get to Earth all year long, so you better take a good look. The planet will be visible all night long, but only as a small blue dot. 

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September 14 - Full moon - Famously known as the Harvest Moon for occurring closest to the September equinox, it's also known by indigenous tribes as the Full Corn Moon, due to the corn harvest.

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September 23 - September equinox - The September equinox is the first day of fall in the northern hemisphere and the first day of spring in the southern hemisphere. Both hemispheres get equal amounts of sun on September 23, 2019.

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October 8 - Draconids meteor shower - Only 10 meteors cross the night sky per hour during this shower, making it a minor one. Dust grains fly off from comet 21P Giacobini-Zinner between October 6 and 10 every year.

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October 13 - Full moon - Indigenous tribes of the Americas called this the Full Hunter's Moon, because game was fat from the summer. It's also been known as the Travel Moon and the Blood Moon.

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October 21, 22 - Orionids meteor shower - Observed since ancient times, the Orionids meteor shower has 20 shooting stars per hour flying from the remnants of Halley's comet.

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October 27 - Uranus at opposition - The planet, shown in photograph on the left and topographically colored on the right, will come closest to Earth in its orbit on October 27. 

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November 5, 6 - Taurids meteor shower - This long-running meteor shower has space dust from two different comets flying through the sky, but only produces five to 10 meteors per hour. Asteroid 2004 TG10 and Comet 2P Encke are responsible for the shower that happens every year between September 7 and December 10.

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November 11 - Rare transit of Mercury across the Sun - See that tiny dark dot at the bottom left edge of the Sun? That's Mercury. The next transit across the Sun for Mercury will be in 2039. The event only occurs every few years, and will be visible from North America, Mexico, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.

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November 12 - Full moon - North American indigenous tribes called this the Full Beaver Moon, to mark the time of year when they would set traps for beavers. It's also known as the Frosty Moon and the Hunter's Moon.

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November 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower - Dust grains from the comet Tempel-Tuttle send 15 meteors through the sky per hour. Every 33 years this shower has hundreds of shooting stars, peculiarly.

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November 24 - Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter - On November 24, both Jupiter (left) and Venus (right) will be visible to the naked eye.

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December 12 - Full Moon - Known as the Full Cold Moon by North American indigenous tribes for the colder temperatures, it's also called the Full Long Nights Moon and the Moon Before Yule.

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December 13, 14 - Geminids meteor shower - The shower to end all meteor showers, this multicolored display sends 120 shooting stars per hour through the night sky. The 3200 Phaethon asteroid's debris is responsible for the biggest meteor shower of the year.

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December 22 - December solstice - With the South Pole pointed towards the sun, winter falls on the northern hemisphere and the summer springs for the southern hemisphere on December 22. Many ancient festivals mark this day, including the Festival of the Pine in Barcelona, Spain. The festival is a pagan worship of nature. 

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December 21, 22 - Ursids meteor shower - This minor meteor shower produced by the comet Tuttle sees about five to 10 meteors fly through the sky per hour.

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December 26 - Annular solar eclipse -

The annual solar eclipse happens when the moon is so far from the Earth in its orbit that it completely blocks out the sun. A ring of sunlight forms around the moon, creating this beautiful effect. It will be visible from Saudi Arabia, southern India, northern Sri Lanka, and Indonesia.

See also: Probing deep space: journeys into darkness.

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